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    • 专利摘要:
    Method of extraction of cyanide ion from aqueous solutions. The objective of the invention is to extract the cyanide present in aqueous solutions contaminated by industrial processes, plant treatment, chemical industry, etc. Or as a result of processes associated with gold mining. In short, contribute to the decontamination of cyanide ions accumulated in artificial or natural processes. Contribute to improve gold extraction performance by decreasing the costs of subsequent decontamination and simplifying the current extraction processes when extracting the metal together with the contaminating materials. To do this, zero-valence copper nanoparticles are used which, due to their magnetic properties and acting by resonance, adhere to the cyanide ions present in the solution. Subsequently all of them are extracted by powerful static magnetic fields. The extraction can be improved if zero-valence iron nanoparticles are added that increase the ph of the solution and when adhering to the copper nanoparticles facilitate the extraction of the cyanide ions by the aforementioned magnetic methods. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2638712A1
    申请号:ES201630516
    申请日:2016-04-22
    公开日:2017-10-23
    发明作者:Fidel FRANCO
    申请人:Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    METHOD OF EXTRACTION OF CYANURES FROM WATER SOLUTIONS

     5
    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE

    Elimination and extraction of cyanide from aqueous solutions
    Extraction of metals Gold extraction by sodium cyanide
    Waste. Extraction of waste. Environment. 10
    Copper and iron nanoparticles of zero valence
    Aqueous solutions of sodium or potassium cyanide.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    In gold mining, once the cyanide gold is removed, cyanide continues to exist in the solution. fifteen
    In the last decades two technologies have been put in place that are applied in combination: treatment and recycling. But these routes are clearly insufficient producing toxic accumulation in many places without counting the cost of the processes, their effectiveness and the contamination associated with the treatment processes used. twenty
    The most important processes of attenuating the presence of cyanide are the following
    1.-natural degradation (volatilization with subsequent atmospheric transformations to other less toxic substances)
    2.-chemical oxidation by sunlight, among others. The "chemical oxidation" includes using the process of "sulfur dioxide (SO2) -air" and the
    process with "hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)", a combination of "sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide to form H2SO5", use ferrous sulfates, ferrous chlorates or simple hydrolysis with water, which have the ability to produce residual concentrations that meet demanding standards Download Both processes require constant monitoring with representative samples of the materials. In the case of "sulfur dioxide (SO2) -Air" it is used to oxidize free cyanide and DAD cyanide and precipitate iron cyanide as an insoluble solid. This reaction is fast but it is required to build a processing plant.
    In the case of the "hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)" process, it is used as a potent oxidizer of NaCN, oxidizing free cyanide and DAD cyanide to convert them into carbonate, ammonium or sodium cyanates (NaOCN) and water, while that iron cyanides do not oxidize but precipitate as stable insoluble solids.
    3.-precipitation by organic carbon, minerals, clays, etc. The "precipitation" of stable cyanides can be achieved by releasing complexing agents such as iron to produce solid precipitates, including insoluble salts of free cyanide that will be removed from the solution and that will form less toxic concentrations such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and nitrates. twenty
    4.-Biodegradation in soils by aerobic or anaerobic batteries.
    "Biodegradation" is a process that is used in the United States and the United Kingdom through a biological process with microorganisms that being aerobic is much more favorable, but which can also occur anaerobically. Bacteria can use oxygen in the air to break down cyanide compounds into nitrates, bicarbonates and sulfates, oxidizing the
    metal cyanide complexes, metal ions of DAD cyanide species and intermediate by-products of cyanide oxidation.
    5.-"Recycling" is a process that instead of destroying cyanide tries to recover and reuse it to reduce the total amount of cyanide used and reduce operating costs in countries such as the United States, New Zealand, 5 Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. In this process the pH must be controlled, volatilized under very controlled conditions and capture the cyanide released.
    The objective of the invention is to improve, reduce and simplify the extraction of cyanide present in aqueous solutions of industrial, food waste, etc. It is also applicable to the process of extracting gold dissolved in sodium cyanide because in all cases chemical complexes are generated that can be extracted from the solution through powerful magnetic fields.

    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    1.- Presence of cyanide in nature 15
    The presence of cyanides does not only have an artificial origin because there are plants that contain high concentrations of cyanide ions. Examples:
    2.1.- A natural source of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a sugar-like compound called amygdalin, which exists in many fruits, vegetables, seeds and nuts, including apricots, bean sprouts, cashews, cherries, chestnuts, corn, beans, lentils, nectarines, peaches, peanuts, pecans, pistachios, potatoes, soybeans and other nuts. In the heart of the bitter almond there is approximately 1 mg of HCN in the form of tonsillin. Table 1 presents data on the amount of cyanide present in various foods.
    2.2.-Table 1. Cyanide concentrations in selected plants. 25 species of plants Concentration (mg / kg)
     Yucca (sweet varieties) leaves 377-500; roots 138; dried roots 46 - <100; mash 81
     Bamboo point Max. 800
    Blanco White bean (Jewish) (Burma) 2,100
    Almond (Bitter) 280-2,500 5
    OrSorgo (young, integral plant) Max. 2,500
    2.-Industrial uses of cyanide
    Cyanide is one of the main compounds used by the chemical industry due to its composition and the ease with which it reacts with other substances. 10
    More than one million tons of cyanide are used annually, which represent about 80% of total production, in the production of organic chemicals such as nitrile, nylon and acrylic plastics. Other industrial applications include electroplating, metal processing, steel hardening, photographic applications and synthetic rubber production.
    Iron cyanides are often used as an antigglutting additive in salt used to melt ice on roads. Gaseous hydrogen cyanide has been widely used to exterminate large rodents and predators, and in horticultural practice, to control the pests of 20 insects that have developed resistance to other pesticides.
    Cyanide compounds are also used in surgical bandages that promote healing and reduce scarring.
    The remaining 20% of cyanide production is used to make sodium cyanide, a solid form of cyanide whose handling is relatively easy and safe. Of this percentage, 90%, that is, 18% of total production, is used in mining worldwide, mostly for the recovery of gold.


     30
    3.-Cyanide in mining
    One of the reasons for the high presence of cyanide is the use of sodium cyanide in the extraction of gold.
    The modern gold industry uses cyanide almost exclusively as a gold leaching agent. Cyanide complexes are more stable and effective than other materials and do not need other aggressive chemicals to recover gold. Cyanide has been used in mining for more than a century. See the text THE MANAGEMENT OF CYANIDE IN GOLD EXTRACTION, The Management of Cyanide in Gold Extraction. Published by the INTERNATIONAL METAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL 10 ENVIRONMENT (ICME).

    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    1.-Final objectives of the invention:
    1.1.-Extract the cyanide present in aqueous solutions contaminated by 15 cyanides in industrial processes, plant treatment, chemical industry, etc. or as a result of processes associated with gold mining. In sum, contribute to the decontamination of cyanide ions accumulated in artificial or natural processes.
    1.2.-Contribute to improve performance in gold extraction 20
    1.2.1.-reduce the costs of subsequent decontamination and simplify or replace part of the current extraction processes when extracting the metal together with the contaminating materials.
     1.2.2.-cheaply recover cyanide to be used in other processes 25
    2.-Materials used:
    Zero valence copper nanoparticles and zero valence iron nanoparticles, both of high quality, that increase the pH of the solution
    and because they have magnetic properties, they attract and aggregate the cyanide ions contained in aqueous solutions to facilitate their extraction from the outside through magnetic fields. For reasons of cost, quality or chemical stability of the iron nanoparticles of zero valence, these can be replaced by the nanoparticles of iron oxides even if their magnetic properties do not reach the level of the former.
    3.-Phases of the process
    3.1.-Choose zero-value magnetic copper and iron nanoparticles of excellent quality that already exist in the market or synthesize them in the laboratory 10
    3.2.- Add the nanoparticles to the aqueous solution and then stir to achieve their integration into the solution.
     To obtain very intense fields the amount added would be of the order of 0.1 g / l when it comes to iron particles. The time may be enough with 10 minutes but it may be affected by the presence of other solutes in the solution.
     3.3.-Under these conditions, magnetic nanoparticles adhere to cyanides by creating complexes with cyanide cations and sodium or potassium anions.
     3.4.-Thanks to the tendency of the nanoparticles to agglomerate, it is facilitated that the complexes formed together with the nanoparticles can be extracted from inside the solution.
    4.-Cyanide extraction
    4.1.-Apply powerful static vector magnetic fields (magnets or coils) that attract the copper + cyanide magnetic nanoparticles and extract them from the solution.
     Depending on the conditions, the extraction process could be carried out in two ways.
    4.1.1.-Continuous form, that is, adding the nanoparticles to a tank attached to a pipe or to the same pipe where the toxic solution of cyanide complexes plus the added magnetic nanoparticles circulates. By having magnetic properties, the nanoparticles together with the cyanide complexes are attracted by the static magnetic vector field of magnets, 5 coils and plates of magnetic alloys that deflect them to be finally led outside while the rest of the purified solution continues its path inside the pipe.
    4.1.2.-Static form, as an alternative or complement to the previous method. Thanks to the powerful static vector magnetic fields applied in the lower part of known tanks or on alloy plates of high magnetic susceptibility, chemical complexes formed by cyanides and magnetic nanoparticles are retained. Fresh water is extracted while the nanoparticles along with the chemical complexes are retained on magnetized surfaces. fifteen
     4.1.3.-Another possibility is that the complexes formed by the magnetic nanoparticles and the cyanides accumulated in the bottom of the tank are extracted from the tank by magnetic-gravitational drag and the “fresh” water is extracted by decanting the purified water in the part tank top.
    4.2.-The extraction method may include mixed systems depending on the 20 working conditions previously installed, but the vector magnetic fields of magnets, electromagnets or coils that favor the separation of the cyanide-magnetic nanoparticles of zero-valence metal complexes will always be present. of the rest of the solution.
    THEORETICAL BASE. PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION 25
    1.-Resonance phenomena of copper nanoparticles with cyanide ions and magnetic contribution of iron nanoparticles.

    1.1.-Copper nanoparticles. Zero-valence copper particles have been selected because if they are of quality there is a strong resonance phenomenon 30
    between the copper nanoparticles and the cyanide ions for wavelengths of the order of approximately 260-280 nm. Under such conditions the transfer of energy to cyanide would be optimal.

    1.2.- Magnetic contribution by iron nanoparticles. 5
    .2.1.-The high quality iron nanoparticles do not exhibit the resonance phenomenon because their maximum peak corresponds to wavelengths less than 200 nm and when the resonance phenomenon occurs their performance is lower.
    However, zero-iron iron nanoparticles play an important role because if they are of good quality they can provide a much higher magnetization to copper nanoparticles, their interaction with cyanide being optimal because of a resonance phenomenon.
    Experimental data: UV-VIS of iron nanoparticles of zero valence. The wavelength of the absorption spectrum takes slightly lower values from 15 to 200 nm for iron nanoparticles of zero valence in water. In this range of wavelengths the absorption has already dropped from 80% of the peak to 60% for values of the order of 196 nm but is very far from the 260 nm corresponding to the cyanide ions. See figure 5.
     twenty
    2.-The presence of iron nanoparticles of zero valence increases the pH of the solution very strongly.
    A second aspect to keep in mind is that the high magnetic field of the iron particles appreciably increases the pH of the solution and thereby improves the absorption capacity of gold by cyanide. Under these conditions it is concluded that both handparticles can even be used to extract the cyanide together with the gold absorbed in a very high pH medium (Figures 1).
     Experimental data. Figure 1. Raman spectrum of cyanide ions in media with different pH. 30
    One of the best results of the work cited is that the Raman spectrum signal for cyanide depends on two variables: pH of the solution used
    to initially absorb the cyanide and the pH of the solutions without cyanide that were passed through the flow chamber after the initial absorption of cyanide. Cyanide solutions with neutral pH give a weak Raman signal, thereby suggesting that cyanide not absorbed on gold is not in the ionized state. However, a strong Raman peak at 2125 cm-1 confirmed that cyanide is easily absorbed on gold when the pH is high (approx. PH = 13).
     In summary: Cyanide is absorbed on gold as long as the pH is very high (pH = 13), that is, it is very ionized.
    3.-Conjunction of the effects of both nanoparticles. Under these conditions it is concluded that both handparticles can even be used to extract the cyanide together with the gold absorbed in a very high pH medium (Figure 1) and the magnetic nanoparticles subsequently separated of gold through magnetic fields.
     fifteen
    4.-Experimental data. Properties of copper nanoparticles.

    4.1.-Magnetic properties of copper nanoparticles
    (Chemically Induced Permanent Magnetism in Au, Ag, and Cu Nanoparticles: Localization of the Magnetism by Element Selective Techniques) 20
    In this work the intrinsic magnetization of gold nanoparticles at room temperature is shown by two specific techniques: X-ray magnetic circular dichroism on the L axes of the Mossbauer spectrometry of normal gold and a gold 197. In addition, a magnetism behavior is observed permanent at room temperature in 25 silver and copper nanoparticles.
     4.2.-Patent (US 20120315480 A1): Copper nanoparticles with magnetic properties. The method of elaboration and properties of copper nanoparticles with magnetic properties are described.
    5.-Experimental data. Absorption spectrum of zero-valent copper nanoparticles
    The resonance between the nanoparticles of copper and cyanide will be considered in the range of the UV-VIS spectrum. However, the replacement of zero-valent iron nanoparticles with iron oxide nanoparticles could be considered. Because of their physical characteristics, metal oxide nanoparticles have their absorption peaks in the ultraviolet and visible range.
    5.1.-Absorption peaks of zero valence copper in the UV-VIS range.
    (Preparation of small silver gold and copper nanoparticles which disperse in both polar and non-polar solvents). In the absorption spectrum in the UV-VIS range of 10 copper nanoparticles dispersed in methanol, its diameter is 2 ± 0.5 although the theoretical calculations do not allow an estimate of its size. After 24 hours in the air, the particles have oxidized. The value of the absorption peak shortly after being prepared is 260 nm which is in line with techniques such as SPR (surface plasmon 15 resonance).
    5.2.-Absorption peaks of copper integrated in porous matrices (Synthesis, characterization and heterogeneous catalytic application of copper tegrated mesoporous matrices)
    Spectroscopy in the UV-VIS range (spectrum of CuMSC-1 (a), 20 CuMSC-2 (b) and CuMSC-3 (c) normalized to maximum transmittance) is used to investigate the presence and coordination mode of the metal centers in copper integrated in porous catalytic silicates (mesoporous). The diffuse reflectance spectrum shows a strong absorption band at 260 nm and a weaker band at 220 nm. 25
    6.- Experimental data. Non-zero valence copper absorption peaks.
    6.1.-Absorption spectrum of CuO cupric oxide
    The absorption spectrum of the copper oxide nanoparticles II in the UV-VIS (CuO) range gives wavelength values of the order of 350 nm that are much higher than the 260 nm values for zero-valence copper.
    6.2.-Absorption peaks of copper oxide nanoparticles I ( ) The peaks of the absorption spectrum of copper nanoparticles I have a value 5 far from the peaks of zero valence copper.
     6.3.-Conclusion: the copper oxide nanoparticles I and II are excluded from the process because they have their absorption peaks far from the zero valence copper values. Under these conditions the performance of the extraction process will drop a lot. 10
    CIANURO ION ABSORPTION SPECTRUM
    Cyanide ions have important absorption bands in two frequency ranges: infrared range and UV-VIS range. The first has a value of 2165 cm-1 that is cited for providing complete product information but has no special interest in this report. See Figure 3. 15
    Experimental data. Absorption of the cyanide ion in the UV-VIS band.
     The absorption of the cyanide ion in the UV-VIS band has values of the order of 260-280 nm. However, it is observed that the solution has a peak displaced at lower wavelengths when higher amounts of cyanide ions are incorporated and the absorption peak appears at about 250 nm. twenty
    Conclusion: The absorption peak of zero-valent copper nanoparticles coincides closely with the cyanide absorption peak in the UV-VIS range (approx. 260-280 nm).
    ANALOGIES BETWEEN THE COPPER AND IRON NANOPARTICLES OF VALENCIA ZERO 25
    1.-Comparison between saturation magnets of both types of nanoparticles
    Zero-value copper nanoparticles have magnetic properties such as iron nanoparticles, however, saturation magnetization is clearly lower in copper nanoparticles than in iron nanoparticles.
    Experimental data. 5
    Patent: Copper nanoparticles with magnetic properties
    WO 2011012735 A1
    The copper nanoparticles of the invention have magnetic character. According to a preferred embodiment, the saturation magnetization (Ms) is between 0.01 and 3, preferably between 0.1 and 3 emu / gcu. 10
    2.-Copper nanoparticles are added as iron nanoparticles.
    Experimental data.
    Due to their magnetic properties, the aggregation process in zero-valent copper nanoparticles and zero-valence iron nanoparticles is very similar. 15
    3.-Physical characterization of iron nanoparticles of zero valence. (Characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles
    Yuan-Pang Sun a, Xiao-qin Li a, Jiasheng Cao a, Wei-xian Zhang ⁎, H. Paul Wang)
    3.1.-Applications of iron nanoparticles according to the authors 20
      The ability of iron nanoparticles to reduce redox potential can be very useful not only for the degradation of chemical contaminants but also for their potential use in the degradation of chlorinated solvents. The addition of small traces of iron nanoparticles quickly reduces standard power, generates hydrogen gas and produces divalent iron.
    3.2.-Physical models of zero-valent iron nanoparticles
    The authors of the same work propose a conceptual model of iron nanoparticles where the center would be formed by zero valence iron and the periphery would be hydroxides of iron in an aquatic environment that in basic pH tend to bind with cations while aqueous solutions 30
    tend to take pH values between 8-10. That is, iron nanoparticles would exhibit dual characteristics.
    --On the one hand they would act as iron hydroxides (forming complexes)
    - on the other hand the iron of Valencia "0" would act as a reducer.
    The zero-valent iron nanoparticles are added like those of copper. 5
    Experimental data. Figure 4: model of the zero-iron iron nanoparticles in aqueous medium. The center is zero valence iron and the periphery is an iron hydroxide.
    Figure 5: Spectrum of absorption peaks of iron nanoparticles of zero valence in aqueous medium. 10
    3.3 ..- Chemical-physical details on the role of zero-iron iron nanoparticles (taken from the same text above)
     Iron hydroxides in water can have a behavior similar to metals or coordination complexes depending on the chemistry of the solution (for example, pH). In a low pH medium, iron hydroxides 15 are positively charged and attract negatively charged ligands (eg, chlorides or phosphates). When the pH of the solution is above the isoelectric point (pH approx. 8), the surface of the hydroxides becomes negatively charged particles and can form complexes with cations. Consequently, when a sufficient quantity of iron particles 20 of zero valence is added to the solution (for example> 0.1 g / l), the pH of the solution is typically in the range 8-10. Therefore, the conditions set forth in the report are met.

     25
    ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
    1.-The proposed system contributes to decontamination by extracting cyanide ions from aqueous solutions.
    2.-The proposed system favors the recovery of a large part of the product, reducing costs. 30
    3.-The proposed system has other added advantages
    3.1.-Since the dissolution of gold in cyanide depends on the pH of the solution, the efficiency of the extraction process can be improved by the presence of copper and iron magnetic nanoparticles that contribute to increase its pH without varying the concentration of Cyanide ions.
    3.2.- Since the performance of the process depends on the conditions of resonance, if the copper and / or iron nanoparticles are of poor quality, the performance drops drastically.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    Figure 1: Raman spectrum reflects the increase in peak intensity as a function of the pH of the solution. 10
    Figure 2: Zero valence copper absorption peaks in the UV-VIS range.
    Figure 3: Cyanide ions have important absorption bands in two frequency ranges: infrared range and UV-VIS range. For frequencies in the UV-VIS range, their values are in resonance with the values of the absorption peaks of copper nanoparticles of zero valence.

    Figure 4: model of zero-iron iron nanoparticles in medium
    aqueous. The center is zero valence iron and the periphery is an iron hydroxide. twenty

    Figure 5: Spectrum of absorption peaks of iron nanoparticles of zero valence in aqueous medium.

    Figure 6: Method 1. Extraction of cyanide ions together with the 25 magnetic nanoparticles circulating within a pipe.

    Figure 7: Method 2. Extraction of cyanide ions together with magnetic nanoparticles using plates constructed of magnetic alloys with attached magnets. 30
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    Method 1.- The cone tank is filled with the solution and the magnetic nanoparticles that are mixed with the solution are added thanks to a vertical shaft agitator. When the lower valve is opened, a stream of aqueous solution plus nanoparticles circulates. However, the magnetic nanoparticles together with the cyanide salts are attracted along the pipe by the magnetic alloy and the magnets to be diverted to the outside while the fresh water continues to circulate to be returned to the outside as can be seen in the figure 6.
    Figure 6: Method 1. Extraction of cyanide together with nanoparticles. Legends
    1st agitator
    2projection of the inlet tube of the aqueous solution
    3 aqueous solution + magnetic nanoparticles
    4 tank opening valve
    5imanes + magnetic alloy that retain the agglomerate of cyanides and magnetic nanoparticles
    6division of outbound flow; fresh water comes out of one tube and cyanide agglomerated with magnetic nanoparticles on the other
    7 cyanide agglomerate output + magnetic nanoparticles

    Method 2.- The upper cone tank is filled with the solution and the nanoparticles that are mixed with the solution are added thanks to a vertical shaft agitator. When the lower valve of the upper left tank is opened, a flow of cyanide solution plus nanoparticles circulates into the second tank where the nanoparticles together with the salts are attracted and retained by several magnetic alloy plates and magnets that rotate slowly inside the brine Upon opening the lower tank valve, fresh water leaves the tank and the magnetic alloy plates are removed together with the nanoparticles and cyanides adhered to their surface. The nanoparticles can be recovered. See Figure 7.
    Figure 7: Method 2. Cyanide extraction together with the nanoparticles. Legends
    1st agitator
    2projection of the inlet tube of the aqueous solution
    3 aqueous solution + magnetic nanoparticles
    4 first tank opening valve
    5 Magnetic alloy surface + magnets that retains the agglomerate of cyanides and magnetic nanoparticles
    6 second tank opening valve
    7contaminated water outlet pipe














    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    1.-Cyanide extraction method of aqueous solutions "characterized in that" comprises the steps:
     Stage 1: Choose magnetic iron and copper nanoparticles
     Stage 2: Add these nanoparticles to the aqueous solution and then stir.
    Stage3: Apply powerful magnetic fields that attract zero-valence magnetic nanoparticles agglomerated with the cyanides of the solution.
     Stage 4. Extraction of the nanoparticles together with the agglomerated cyanide salts.

    [2]
    2. The cyanide extraction method of aqueous solutions according to claim 1 "characterized in that" the magnetic nanoparticles added to the aqueous solution are preferably zero valence iron nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles and zero valence copper nanoparticles.

    [3]
    3. Cyanide extraction method of aqueous solutions according to claims 1 and 2 "characterized in that" the magnetic nanoparticles added to the aqueous solution are preferably zero valence iron nanoparticles and zero valence copper nanoparticles.

    [4]
    4.- Cyanide extraction method of aqueous solutions according to claims 1,2 and 3 "characterized in that" the static magnetic vector fields capable of attracting and extracting the chemical complexes formed between the added magnetic nanoparticles and the cyanides contained in the aqueous solution are generated by powerful magnets.

    [5]
    5. Cyanide extraction method of aqueous solutions according to claims 1,2 and 3 "characterized in that" the static magnetic vector fields, capable of attracting and extracting the chemical complexes formed between the added magnetic nanoparticles and the cyanides contained in the aqueous solution They are generated by coils powered by direct current or electromagnets.


    [6]
    6.- Cyanide extraction method of aqueous solutions according to claims 1,2 and 3 "characterized in that" the cyanide extraction process is carried out by means of pipes where the vector magnetic fields are applied and where the aqueous solution formed by the nanoparticles circulates magnetic and complexes

    [7]
    7. Cyanide extraction method of aqueous solutions according to claims 1,2 and 3 "characterized in that" the process of extraction by static magnetic fields of the complexes formed between the cyanides and the magnetic nanoparticles takes place in known tanks that hold the cyanides more the nanoparticles in the lower part of the container or on inner plates and all together they are extracted from the tank thanks to the external magnetic fields and decanting processes.











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